Linux and Unix Command Reference Summary

Linux and Unix Command Reference Summary			HomePage
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#	Command	Type	Description
1.	id	admin	Show your login information
2.	id joe	admin	Show login information for user joe
3.	last	admin	Show listing of all users last logged into the system.
4.	uptime	admin	Show how long the system has been running since last reboot.
5.	history \| pg	admin	Show the last several hundred commands executed from the command line on the current account
6.	cat /proc/version	admin	Show the contents of a text file.This example show Linux version info.
7.	cat /etc/lsb-release	admin	Show the Linux version info on Debian or Ubuntu Linux.
8.	lsb_release -d -s -c	admin	Show the Linux version info on Debian or Ubuntu Linux.
9.	cat /proc/cpuinfo	admin	Show CPU info
10.	file /tmp/test.file	admin	Shows file type for file "/tmp/test.file", such as text, tar, script, ascii text or executable.

11.	alias	admin-alias	List all shortcut alias commands defined as an alias.
12.	alias home='cd /home/joe/libs'	admin-alias	Create a shortcut named "home" which will put you in a directory named "/home/joe/libs" whenever a user types "home" from a command prompt.
13.	alias ll='ls -lia'	admin-alias	Create a shortcut named "ll" to run the command "ls -lia" whenever a user types "ll" from a command prompt.

14.	di -a	admin-di	Display all mounted file systems. The "-a" option shows all file systems including ones with 0 total blocks.
15.	di -m	admin-di	Display all mounted file systems. The "-m" option shows all file systems with file sizes in megabytes.

16.	finger	admin-finger	Show all active system users.
17.	finger -lmsp	admin-finger	Show detailed information on all active users.
18.	finger joe	admin-finger	System info about user "joe"

19.	fuser -u VOC	admin-fuser	Show all process IDs using the file "VOC". (May be a restricted Command for non-admins)
20.	fuser -u /dev/rmt0	admin-fuser	Show all process IDs using the tape drive device "/dev/rmt0"

21.	ioscan	admin-ioscan	Show all hardware devices.
22.	ioscan -funC tape	admin-ioscan	Show all hardware devices assigned for tape drives.
23.	ioscan -funC disk	admin-ioscan	Show all hardware devices assigned for disk drives.

24.	kill -9 7777	admin-kill	Kill process with a PID or Process ID of 7777. The "-9" option is a forced kill.
25.	kill -9 7777 5555 4444	admin-kill	Kill multiple processes with a Process ID of 7777, 5555 and 4444. The "-9" option is a forced kill.

26.	ln -s /usr/joe/db /joe/db	admin-links	Create a symbolic link for /joe/db to point to /usr/joe/db.
27.	unlink /joe/db	admin-links	Delete symbolic link /joe/db.
28.	ln -s tmp joe	admin-links	Create a symbolic link for joe to point to tmp directory.
29.	ls -l tmp joe	admin-links	Display a directory listing of "joe" showing that a sybolic link is set for "joe > tmp".

30.	sar	admin-mon	Display today's CPU activity so far. The information must be present on the computer.
31.	sar -A	admin-mon	Displays real time CPU activity for all items.
32.	sar -c	admin-mon	Displays real time CPU activity for system calls.
33.	sar -d	admin-mon	Displays real time CPU activity for block devices such as tape or disk.
34.	sar -g	admin-mon	Displays real time CPU activity for paging.
35.	sar -k	admin-mon	Displays real time CPU activity for kernel memory allocation (KMA).
36.	sar -m	admin-mon	Displays real time CPU activity for message and semaphore activities.
37.	sar -q	admin-mon	Displays real time CPU activity for average queue length while occupied, and percent of time occupied.
38.	sar -r	admin-mon	Displays real time CPU activity for unused memory pages and disk blocks.
39.	sar -u	admin-mon	Displays real time CPU utilization (the default).
40.	sar -v	admin-mon	Displays real time for status of process, i-node and file tables.
41.	sar -w	admin-mon	Displays real time for system swapping and switching.
42.	sar 2 25	admin-mon	Displays 25 snapshots, every 2 seconds, of the current system load.
43.	top	admin-mon	Displays the most CPU-intensive tasks or processes on the system. This is an ongoing look at processor activity in real time.

44.	ps -aux	admin-ps	Show process status for all processes with user ids.
45.	ps -ag	admin-ps	Show process status for all processes.
46.	ps -fu joe	admin-ps	Show process status for user joe of all processes.
47.	ps -aef \| grep /bin/uv	admin-ps	Show process status for all processes named uv
48.	ps -fu joe \| grep /bin/uv	admin-ps	Show process status for user joe of all processes named uv
49.	ps -fu joe \| wc -l	admin-ps	Count number of processes running for user joe.

50.	chkconfig --list	admin-services	Show all active services
51.	chkconfig --list cron	admin-services	Show status of service "cron"

52.	umask	admin-umask	Show active mask to set permissions for newly created files. This is the octal format.
53.	umask -S	admin-umask	Show active mask to set permissions for newly created files. This is the symbolic format.
54.	umask 0000	admin-umask	User file-creation mask to set permissions for newly created files. 0000 = 777 for directories & 777 for files.
55.	umask 0002	admin-umask	User file-creation mask to set permissions for newly created files. 0002 = 775 for directories & 664 for files.
56.	umask 0007	admin-umask	User file-creation mask to set permissions for newly created files. 0007 = chmod 770.
57.	umask 0027	admin-umask	User file-creation mask to set permissions for newly created files. 0027 = 760 for files.

58.	who	admin-who	Shows all users logged in
59.	who -Hu	admin-who	Shows all users logged with domain login and PID.
60.	who am i	admin-who	Show who you are logged in as
61.	who -r	admin-who	Show system run level with the last reboot date and time.

62.	gedit	application	Graphical text editor
63.	gimp	application	Powerful image processor
64.	gphoto	application	Powerful photo editor
65.	ruby	application	Ruby Scripting Language
66.	bvi or bview	application	Visual Editor for binary files.
67.	vim	application	Extended "vi" with colored script syntax.
68.	ksysguard	application	KDE replacement for the gnome monitor.

69.	cpio -ivctB < /dev/nrct0	backup cpio	List all files on Cpio backup tape device nrct0
70.	cpio -ivcdBum uv.load < /dev/nrct0	backup cpio	Loads file uv.load from tape device nrct0
71.	cpio -ivcdBum < /dev/nrct0	backup cpio	Full restore from tape device nrct0
72.	find ./ -print -depth \| cpio -ocvB > /tmp/Monday	backup cpio	Create a cpio backup of all files in the current directory saving it as file /tmp/Monday
73.	cpio -ivcBt < /dev/rct0 > /tmp/tape.contents	backup cpio	Create a file named tape.contents of a file listing of the contents of a cpio backup tape device rct0

74.	tar -tvf /dev/rct0	backup tar	Listing of the file contents on cartridge tape device rct0
75.	tar -tvf etc_backup \| pg	backup tar	Show contents of the tar backup file "etc_backup" piping it thru pg to pause for each page of output.
76.	tar -cvf etc_backup /etc	backup tar	Create a tar backup of the /etc directory in a file named etc_backup. The "-c" option will overlay the file "etc_backup" if it exists.
77.	tar -cvf etc_backup.tar etc	backup tar	Create a tar backup of the etc directory in a file named etc_backup.tar. By not using the / before the directory etc the full path will not be saved and can be restored to a new directory path. The "-c" option will overlay the file "etc_backup.tar" if it exists.
78.	tar -cvf test_backup.tar .	backup tar	Create a tar backup of the current directory in a file named test_backup.tar. By not using the / before the final . the full path will not be saved and can be restored to a new directory path.
79.	tar -cvf /dev/rct0 /etc	backup tar	Create a tar backup of /etc on cartridge tape device rct0
80.	tar -cvf test_tar `cat '&SAVEDLISTS&/FLIST'`	backup tar	Create a tar backup named "test_tar" of the list of files stored in the file "FLIST" in the directory "&SAVEDLISTS&". Note that the tic character ` is used.
81.	*tar -cvf - USA ENG* \| gzip > /tmp/tar_archive.gz**	backup tar	Create a tar backup of all files and directories with a prefix of "USA" or "ENG", pipe thru the gzip compression program and save the file as "tar_archive.gz" in the directory "/tmp".
82.	*nohup tar -cvf - USA \| gzip > /tmp/tar_archive.gz &**	backup tar	Create a tar backup of all files and directories with a prefix of "USA" from the current directory, pipe thru the gzip compression program and save the file as "tar_archive.gz" in the directory "/tmp". The "nohup" option dissconnets your process from you shell "sh" and will continue to process even if you log off. The "&" option runs the process in the backgroud.
83.	tar -xvf /dev/rcto /etc	backup tar	Restore file /etc from cartridge tape device rct0
84.	tar -xvf backup_tar	backup tar	Restore all files from the tar backup file backup_tar

85.	time cat fname1 fname2 > fname3	benchmark	The time command will display the amount of time used to execute command "cat fname1 fname2 > fname3".

86.	diff -bi file1 file2	compare	Compare the contents of file1 to file2. The "-b" option ignores blanks spaces and "-i" ignores case on each line.
87.	diff -biy file1 file2	compare	Compare the contents of file1 to file2. The "-b" option ignores blanks spaces, "-i" ignores case on each line and "-y" displays a 2 column report.

88.	cc myprog.c	compiler	C compiler will compile the program myprog.c.

89.	compress joe	compression	Using "compress", compress the file named joe as joe.Z and removes the file joe.
90.	compress -v joe	compression	Using "compress", compress the file named joe as joe.Z and removes the file joe. The "-v" option will show the percent of compression.
91.	compress -v joe joe5 joe6	compression	Using "compress", compress multiple files named joe, joe5 and joe6. The "-v" option will show the percent of compression for each file.
92.	compressdir Joe	compression	Compress all items in directory named Joe.
93.	uncompress joe	compression	Using "uncompress", un-compress the file named joe.Z as joe and remove the file joe.Z.
94.	find ./ -depth \| gzip > /tmp/zfile.gz	compression	Using "gzip", compress the current directory of files into a file named "/tmp/zfile.gz".
95.	gzip joe	compression	Using "gzip", compress the file named joe as joe.gz and removes the file joe.
96.	gunzip joe	compression	Using "gzip", un-compress the file named joe.gz as joe and removes the file joe.gz.
97.	zip joe	compression	Using "zip", compress the file named joe as joe.zip.
98.	unzip joe	compression	Using "zip", un-compress the file named joe.zip as joe.

99.	cat file1 >> file2	concatenate	"cat" is short for concatenate. This example appends file1 onto the end of file2.
100.	cat file1 file2 file3 > file50	concatenate	"cat" is short for concatenate. This example combines the contents of file1, file2 and file3 into a new file named "file50".
101.	*cat cust > cust_all**	concatenate	"cat" is short for concatenate. This example combines files beginning with the name "cust" into a new file named "cust_all".

102.	cp /etc/cust55 /temp	copy	Copy the file /etc/cust55 to the/temp directory
103.	cp file1 /usr/users/file2	copy	Copy a file named file1 to a new directory /usr/users and name it file2
104.	cp -r docs /tmp	copy	Copy a directory named docs and all it's sub-directories to a directory named/tmp and keep the original name "docs".
105.	cp -i oldfile newfile	copy	Copy a file named "oldfile" to a new file named "newfile". The -i prompts to overwrite "newfile" if it exits.
106.	cp -i /docs/notes .	copy	Copy a file named "notes" to the current directory.
107.	cp -Rpi /docs/hist .	copy	Copy a folder named "hist", recursively with all sub-folders and files to the current directory. The "p" option preserves current permissions.
108.	cp -i oldfile ~/mydocs/newfile	copy	Copy a file named "oldfile" in the current directory to a new named "newfile" in the "mydocs" subdirectory of your home directory. The ~ character (tilde) is interpreted as the path of your home directory.
109.	cp -R /usr/users/acct101 /usr/users/acct201	copy	Copy the full contents of directory acct101 to the new directory acct201
110.	*cp -Rp PURCH /usr/users/acct201**	copy	Copy recursively all files and directories, from the current directory and with a prefix of "PURCH" , the "-p" option keeps the original permissions, to the new directory /acct201

111.	at -l	cron	List run once scheduled commands that will run.
112.	at 01:50 < atjob	cron	Run one time the commands in the script "atjob" at 1:50am.
113.	at -m 01:50 < atjob	cron	Run one time the commands in the script "atjob" at 1:50am. The "-m" option will send an email, once the job is run, to the user that started this command.
114.	at -r 999999	cron	Cancel a run once scheduled job "999999" scheduled by you.
115.	crontab -l	cron	List all cron jobs running for the active user.
116.	crontab -e	cron	Edit list of cron jobs that you can run.
117.	crontab -l > cron_jobs	cron	Save all current running cron jobs to a file named "cron_jobs".
118.	crontab cron_jobs	cron	Stop all running cron jobs, for the current user, and load new cron jobs defined in a file named "cron_jobs". Note that any active cron jobs will complete their process. To kill all cron jobs pass a file with null entries.
119.	ps -ef \| grep cron	cron	Check if cron is running.

120.	ls -la \| cut -c60-70	cut	Cut out text from column 60 thru 70 from a directory listing.
121.	ls -la \| cut -c4,8	cut	Cut out text from column 4 and column 8 from a directory listing.
122.	ls -la \| cut -d: -c2,4	cut	Cut out text, using a ":" as a delimiter, from delimited column 2 and delimited column 4 from a directory listing.
123.	ps -ef \| cut -c4-11,12-17,48-999	cut	Show processes running by displaying user id, PID and process.

124.	date	date	Display the current day, date, time, and year.

125.	pwd	dir	Display the name of the current directory.
126.	cd ..	dir	Move up one directory level.
127.	cd /	dir	Move to the root directory.
128.	cd ~	dir	Move to the home directory.
129.	cd $RBHOME	dir	Move to the directory as defined by the environment variable $RBHOME.
130.	cd /mnt/cust	dir	Change directory to /mnt/cust.
131.	cd "&SAVEDLISTS&"	dir	Change to directory "&SAVEDLISTS&", note that file named needs quotes due to "&" being in the name.
132.	ls -la	dir	Show a detailed directory listing of the current directory.
133.	ls -lat	dir	Show a detailed directory listing of the current directory by-descending date/time modified.
134.	ls -lit	dir	Show a directory listing of the current directory with the latest modifed files on top.
135.	ls -lia	dir	Show a detailed directory listing of the current directory, including the i-node.
136.	ls -1	dir	Show a directory listing of the current directory, with file name only, in a single column format.
137.	ls -b	dir	Show a directory listing of the current directory, showing file names with all non-printable characters.
138.	ls -lia /tmp	dir	Show a detailed directory listing of the directory /tmp.
139.	ls -Ri /tmp	dir	Show a recursive directory listing of the directory /tmp showing i-nodes.
140.	ls -algR	dir	Show a recursive directory listing of the current directory.
141.	*ls -la usa.gpg**	dir	Show file listing of all files with a prefix of "usa" and a suffix of ".gpg". In the current directory.
142.	ls -la FEB09	dir	Show file listing of all files with "FEB09" anywhere in the filename in the current directory.
143.	ls \| sort \| pg	dir	Show a sorted directory listing and pause at the end of each page
144.	ls \| sort -r \| pg	dir	Show a reverse sorted directory listing and pause at the end of each page
145.	ls -la \| sort -5 \| pg	dir	Show a directory listing sorted by column 5 size, and pause at the end of each page.
146.	find ./ -print	dir	Show a recursive directory listing of the current directory showing the full path.
147.	ll	dir	Show a directory listing of the current directory, same as ls -la. Available on some systems only.
148.	mkdir -p /temp/joe/workfile	dir	Make a directory named workfile. The "-p" option creates the complete directory path "/tmp/joe" if it is missing.
149.	mkdir temp	dir	Make a directory named temp.
150.	mkdir -R temp	dir	Delete directory named temp. The "-R" option purges all folders and files under the directory "temp" recursively.
151.	mkdir temp temp2 temp3	dir	Make multiple directories named temp, temp2 and temp3.

152.	more /etc/fstab	display	Display file "/etc/fstab" pausing after each page.

153.	gpg --gen-key	encryption-pgp	One Time build of keyring of encryption keys. Neede the first time you use pgp.
154.	gpg --import joes_key.pub.gpg	encryption-pgp	Import a public key from the file "joes_key.pub.gpg"
155.	gpg -r johndoe@webelink.com –encrypt sample.txt	encryption-pgp	Encrypt a file named "sample.txt". "johndoe@webelink.com" is an email address of a key that you previously imported.
156.	gpg --output sample.txt --decrypt sample.txt.gpg	encryption-pgp	Decrypt a file named "sample.txt"

157.	export MQPATH=/opt/mqpath	env-var	Sets the system environment var $MQPATH to "/opt/mqpath"
158.	export PATH=$PATH:/usr/sbin	env-var	Adds /usr/sbin to the path in the system environment.
159.	echo $PATH	env-var	Display current path.
160.	echo $HOME	env-var	Display home directory.
161.	echo $HOSTNAME	env-var	Display host system name.
162.	echo $LOGNAME	env-var	Display login user name.
163.	echo $TERM	env-var	Display terminal type ie. Wy50, vt100 or xterm.
164.	echo $PWD	env-var	Display working directory.
165.	echo $SHELL	env-var	Display active linux shell, ie. "/bin/ksh" or "/bin/bash".
166.	echo $TZ	env-var	Display system time zone, ie. "CST6CDT".
167.	echo $$	env-var	Display your PID, process ID.
168.	printenv \| pg	env-var	Display your login environment to the standard output device.

169.	sudo -l	execute	Execute a command as another user (list all valid commands for the current user)
170.	sudo chmod 777 temp	execute	Execute a command as user "root" (change permissions for file temp)

171.	ls / -R \| wc -l &	execute-bgd	Using the option of & will run the process in the background to count number of lines in a directory listing.
172.	fg {job#}	execute-bgd	Resume job# in the foreground, and make it the current job. If job# is not present, the shell's will use the current job.

173.	df -k	filesystem	Show all file systems with blocks in kilobytes rather than the default 512 bytes.
174.	df -h	filesystem	On some systems, shows a different format of the amount of space taken up on mounted file systems with percentage of usage.
175.	df -xk	filesystem	Show all file systems with blocks in kilobytes bypassing links.
176.	du	filesystem	Reports disk usage, the amount of space taken up by a group of files. The du command descends all subdirectories from the directory in which you enter the command, reporting the size of their contents, and finally reporting a total size for all the files it finds. To find out your usage, run du from your home directory.
177.	du -s `ls`	filesystem	Reports disk usage, in summary form, of all files and directories from the current directory.
178.	vgdisplay vg03	filesystem	Display volume group vg03.

179.	find ./ -print joe	find	Find a file named joe starting at the current directory.
180.	find / -name joe	find	Find all files on the system named joe starting at the root directory.
181.	*find . -name 'joe' -print*	find	Find a file name with joe anywhere in the name starting at the current directory.
182.	find /home -user joe -print	find	Find all files under the directory "/home" belonging to user "joe"
183.	*find . -name ".txt" -print**	find	Search in your current directory and its subdirectories for all of the files that end in the extension ".txt".
184.	find $HOME -mtime 0	find	Find all files in your home directory that have been modified the last 24 hours.
185.	find /var/spool -mtime +30	find	Find all files under the "/var/spool" directory that wer modified more than 30 days ago.
186.	find "$HOME/" -name test.txt -print	find	Search in your home directory and its subdirectories for all files named "test.txt".
187.	*find ./????? -print**	find	Search for file names greater than 5 characters starting at current directory
188.	find . -size 414c -print	find	Find files in the current directory with a byte size of 414 bytes.
189.	find /temp -size +5200 -print	find	Find all files in the directory /temp with a file size greater than 52k
190.	find . -size +5200 -exec ls -l {} \; \| pg	find	Find all files in the current directory with a file size greater than 52k, then show size using ls -l with a pipe to pg for pagination.
191.	find . -type f \| grep -i Joe	find	Search the body of all files, for the string "Joe", starting at the current directory and all sub-directories. The "-i" option ignores case.
192.	find / -type d \| grep -i Joe	find	Search for all directories named "Joe", starting at the root directory and all sub-directories. The "-i" option ignores case.
193.	find / -type l \| grep -i Joe	find	Search for all symbolic links named "Joe", starting at the current directory and all sub-directories. The "-i" option ignores case.

194.	ftp	ftp	Run FTP client.

195.	ls \| grep gnome	grep	A directory listing showing all files with "gnome" in the name.
196.	ls -la \| grep -v text \| grep -v txt	grep	A directory listing showing all files excluding the files "text" and "txt". The "-v" option is to exclude text.
197.	*grep "100\01" joe.txt**	grep	Search the body of a file named "joe.txt" for all strings with "10001" in them. Note the "\" informs unix to treat the "" as a liternal not a wildcard character.

198.	man ls	help	Show the documentation for the command ls from the online manual
199.	man -k hostname	help	Show all documentation relating to the keyword "hostname" from the online manual
200.	ls -help	help	Display help for the command ls
201.	ls --help	help	Display help for the command ls on some Linux systems.

202.	su joe	login	(Substitute User) Login as user joe. You will need the password for the user joe. Type exit to leave user joe and return to your user id.
203.	su -	login	(Substitute User) Login as user root with the full profile environment, include extra space after "-".
204.	su - joe	login	(Substitute User) Login as user joe with the full profile environment.

205.	sync	memory	Force write requests in cache to be written to disk.
206.	free	memory	Show system memory usage
207.	ipcs -s	memory	Show Semaphore identifiers in use.
208.	ipcs -mop	memory	Show shared memory segments in use.
209.	ipcrm -m 13245	memory	Remove shared memory segment 13245

210.	echo hello	misc	Write the word hello to the standard output device.
211.	uname	misc	Display the kernal name.
212.	uname -a	misc	Display all information about the kernal / linux system.
213.	uname -s	misc	Display all operating system name.
214.	date; ls -la	misc	Join 2 commands together and display the results. Use the ";" as the seperator.
215.	dd	misc	Misc options to copy and format a files contents during the copy.
216.	mach	misc	Show cpu type.
217.	arch [-k \| archname ]	misc	Display the architecture of the current host.
218.	startx	misc	Start x windows.

219.	mv file1 file2	move	Move or rename file1 to file2
220.	mv -i /abc/test55 /tmp/	move	Move directory "/abc/test55" to the "/tmp" directory. The "-i" option makes sure you do not overwrite an existing file.
221.	mv -i /abc/test55 ./	move	Move directory "/abc/test55" to the current directory. The "-i" option makes sure you do not overwrite an existing file.
222.	mv -i joe /opt/vendor	move	Moves the directory "joe" from the current directory to the directory /opt/vendor/joe". You must cd to the directory with "joe" first. The "-i" option makes sure you do not overwrite an existing file.

223.	hostname	network	Display the name of your computer.
224.	hostname galaxy501	network	Set your computer name to "galaxy501".
225.	ping www.webelink.com	network	Ping the host www.webelink.com
226.	traceroute www.webelink.com -l	network	Trace the route of network packets to the site www.webelink.com.
227.	route	network	Display the routing table
228.	netstat -an	network	Display the status information of the current network.
229.	netstat -a	network	Display the status information for network sockets.
230.	netstat -a \| grep fastserve	network	Display the status information for inet service named "fastserve".
231.	ifconfig	network	Display all network interfaces.
232.	ifconfig eth0	network	Display information for the eth0 network interface.
233.	curl [options] [URL...]	network	Client to get documents/files from or send documents to a server, using any of the supported protocols (HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, GOPHER, DICT, TELNET, LDAP or FILE).
234.	nslookup www.webelink.com	network	Query your default domain name server (DNS) for an Internet name or IP address of "www.webelink.com"
235.	dig www.webelink.com	network	DNS lookup utility to get info on website "www.webelink.com"
236.	wget ftp://ftp.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/ruby.tar.gz	network	Command line downloader. Get file "ruby.tar.gz" and save it in the current directory
237.	wget www.webelink.com/index.htm	network	Command line downloader. Get file "index.htm" from the site "www.webelink.com" and save it in the current directory
238.	dig -x 999.999.999.999	network	DNS lookup utility to get info on IP: 999.999.999.999
239.	nmap 999.999.999.999	network	Show open ports on IP: 999.999.999.999.
240.	nmap www.webelink.com	network	Show open ports on the server located at www.webelink.com

241.	nice -10 foo	nice	Run process named "foo" with a higher priority. Nice values are from 1-20. Positive numbers decrease priority of a job. Negative numbers increase the priority. The nice value of a job can be viewed with the "top" command.

242.	/opt	paths	Home directory for 3rd party software.
243.	/usr/local/bin	paths	Home directory for custom or user scripts and binaries. Should be copied for all system migrations.
244.	/etc	paths	Unix configuration files.

245.	/etc/crontab	paths-cfg	Crontab schedules for all users.
246.	/var/spool/cron/atjobs	paths-cfg	Scheduled "at" jobs for all users.
247.	/etc/passwd	paths-cfg	List of all system users.
248.	/bin/init.d	paths-cfg	Folder contains Unix boot and shutdown scripts.
249.	/etc/sudoers	paths-cfg	File controls who can run restricted commands.

250.	/var/adm/syslog/sys.log	paths-cfg-hp	System error log on HP-UX Unix.

251.	chmod 777 temp	permissions	Change file temp permission to allow full access -rwxrwxrwx.
252.	chmod 777 *	permissions	Change all files in current dir for full permissions.
253.	chmod -R 777 /usr/temp	permissions	Change all files recursively under the directory /usr/temp to full permissions.
254.	*chmod -R 777 /usr/acct/PORT./trans**	permissions	Change all file named trans recursively under all derectories with a prefix of PORT. to full permissions -rwxrwxrwx
255.	chmod 775 joe	permissions	Change file name joe to be executable.
256.	chmod 700 temp	permissions	Change file named temp to be owner accesible
257.	chmod 770 temp	permissions	Change file named temp to be group accesible -rwxrwx---. Owner and Group have full access, all others are denied access
258.	chmod 755 temp	permissions	Change file named temp to be public access -rwxrwxr-x. Owner & Group can read, write & execute, all others can read & execute.
259.	chmod 666 temp	permissions	Change file named temp to be -rw-rw-rw-. Everyone can read and write this file.
260.	chmod 664 temp	permissions	Change file named temp to be -rw-rw-r--. Owner and group can read and write, all other may only read.
261.	chmod 660 temp	permissions	Change file named temp to be -rw-r-----. Owner can read and write, group can read, all others have no access.
262.	chown joe accounting	permissions	Change the owner of file joe to the owner accounting.
263.	chown cook *	permissions	Change all file owners to owner cook in the current directory.
264.	chown cook -R /usr/users/	permissions	Change all file owners to cook recursively under the directory /usr/users
265.	chown -R joe *	permissions	Change all files in the current directory and sub-directories to owner "joe".
266.	chown -R uvsql:accounting joe	permissions	Change all files in the directory joe to owner uvsql and group accounting. The "-R" option is for recursive.
267.	chgrp payroll *	permissions	Change all file groups to group payroll.
268.	chgrp -R accounting *	permissions	Change all files in the current directory and sub-directories to group "accounting".

269.	lpstat -a	printing	Show all printer queues with status and printer names.
270.	lpstat hp101	printing	Show all print jobs on printer "hp101".
271.	cancel 7210	printing	Cancel print job# "7210".
272.	ls -l \| lp -d hp101	printing	Send a directory listing to a printer named "hp101".
273.	man ftp \| lp -d hp101	printing	Send the man pages document for ftp to a printer named "hp101".
274.	cat joe.txt \| lp -d hp101	printing	Send the text file named joe.txt to a printer named "hp101".
275.	lp -d hp101 joe.txt	printing	Send the text file named joe.txt to a printer named "hp101".
276.	enable hp101	printing	Activates a printer named "hp101", this enables the printer to accept print requests issued by the lp command.
277.	disable -c hp101	printing	Disables a printer named "hp101", this prevents the printer from accepting print requests issued by the lp command. The "-c" option cancels any current print jobs printing.

278.	export PS1="[${LOGNAME}@$(hostname)] # "	prompt	Set PS1 shell variable for the command line prompt to be "[Login ID @ host name]" such as "[joe@LinuxSvr]".
279.	export PS1=[${LOGNAME}@$(hostname)]'$PWD>'	prompt	Set PS1 shell variable for the command line prompt to be "[Login ID @ host name] working directory" such as "[joe@LinuxSvr]/joe/home".
280.	export PS2="#"	prompt	Set PS2 shell variable for the command line secondary prompt variable. The default is ">".

281.	rmdir temp	purge	Remove or Delete the directory temp if it is empty.
282.	rm -fr ./*	purge	Remove the current directory and all its sub-directories. The "-r" option allows you to delete non-empty directories. The "-f" option suppresses confirmation prompts. This is a powerful and dangerous command, use with caution.
283.	*rm -Rf SCC-COPY**	purge	Remove all files and directories from the currect path which have a prefix of "SCC" and a suffix of "-COPY".
284.	rm -Rf \&TRUNCATED\&	purge	Remove the directory &TUNCATED& and all files within this directory from the currect path. The "\" character treats the next character "&" as a character only not a command.
285.	rm -r /joe	purge	Remove the directory "/joe" and all its sub-directories. The "-r" option allows you to delete non-empty directories. The "-f" option suppresses confirmation prompts. This is a powerful and dangerous command, use with caution.
286.	rm cust55	purge	Remove the file named cust55 from the current directory
287.	find /tmp -name core -type f -print \| xargs /bin/rm -f	purge	Find and purge all files named "core" in or below the directory /tmp
288.	*find . -type f -name "2008" \| xargs rm -f*	purge	Find and purge all files with "2008" anywhere in the file name from the current directory. The "-f" option suppresses confirmation prompts. Xargs will run fast due to running multiple threads.
289.	find . -mtime +7 \| xargs rm -f	purge	Find and purge all files that were modified 7 or more days ago from the current directory. The "-f" option suppresses confirmation prompts. Xargs will run fast due to running multiple threads.

290.	ls -lia > /tmp/filelist	redirect	(stdout) Show the directory listing saving the output text in a file named /tmp/filelist.
291.	ls -lia >> /tmp/filelist	redirect	(stdout) Show the directory listing saving the output text in a file named /tmp/filelist, append to the target file if it exists.
292.	grep joe 2> grep-errors.txt	redirect	(stderr) Save the stderr output of the grep program to a file named "grep-errors.txt".
293.	grep joe 1> &2	redirect	(stdout) Write the stdout of the grep program to a "stderr".
294.	grep joe 2> &1	redirect	(stderr) Write the stderr of the grep program to a "stdout".
295.	rm -f $(find / -name core) &> /tmp/purge.log	redirect	(stderr, stdout) Purge all files named "core" and write all output of the "rm" command to a file named "purge.log".

296.	*scp .pl joe@10.1.5.5/home/scripts**	scp	Copy all files with a suffix of ".pl" to a remote server at IP "10.1.5.5" for user "joe", to the directory "/home/scripts". This is a secure copy and SSH needs to be installed on both systems.

297.	#!/bin/ksh	script	1st line in script, use korn shell for all commands in this script.
298.	#!/bin/bash	script	1st line in script, use bash shell for all commands in this script.
299.	echo $?	script	Exit status of last shell command executed. A "0" is returned if the last command was successful or a "1" if un-successful.
300.	exit 115	script	Return an exit code of "115" to the shell.

301.	passwd	security	Change your login password.
302.	passwd joe	security	Change login password for user joe.
303.	script	security	Log user activity, keyboard entry and outout, saving in a default log file named typescript. Type "exit" to exit logging.
304.	script -a joe.ulog	security	Log user activity, keyboard entry and outout, saving in a log file named joe.ulog. Type "exit" to exit logging.
305.	script -c ksh	security	Start a new korn shell, with user activity logging of keyboard entry and save it in a log file named typescript. Type "exit" to exit logging. This is available on some systems only.

306.	set stty erase {bs}	set	Set your backspace key for your process by entering the {bs}.

307.	/bin/ksh	shells	Korn Shell (most popular with Unix systems)
308.	/bin/bash	shells	Bash Shell (most popular with free Linux systems)
309.	/bin/csh	shells	C-Shell
310.	/bin/sh	shells	Bourne shell, standard default Shell.

311.	shutdown -h 0	shutdown	Shutdown now on Red Hat Linux.
312.	shutdown -h now	shutdown	Shutdown now on Red Hat Linux.
313.	sudo shutdown -h 0	shutdown	Shutdown now on Debian or Ubuntu Linux.

314.	sleep 5	sleep	Sleep for 5 seconds.

315.	sudo apt-get install chkconfig	software Ubuntu	Install of "chkconfig" services utility on Debian or Ubuntu Linux.
316.	sudo apt-get install di	software Ubuntu	Install of "di" disk utility command software on Debian or Ubuntu Linux.
317.	sudo apt-get install nmap	software Ubuntu	Install nmap, a network exploration and security tool with open port scanner.
318.	sudo apt-get install konsole	software Ubuntu	Install konsole, free terminal emulator for the KDE Desktop Environment.
319.	sudo apt-get install ruby	software Ubuntu	Install of "Ruby" scripting software on Debian or Ubuntu Linux.
320.	sudo apt-get install bvi	software Ubuntu	Install of "bvi" visual editor for binary files software on Debian or Ubuntu Linux.
321.	sudo apt-get remove bvi	software Ubuntu	Remove package "bvi" visual editor for binary files software on Debian or Ubuntu Linux. Software will be purged but configuration files will remain intact on the system.
322.	sudo apt-get --purge remove bvi	software Ubuntu	Complete removal of package "bvi" visual editor for binary files software on Debian or Ubuntu Linux. Software and configuration files will be purged.
323.	sudo apt-get update	software Ubuntu	Update the list of available packages. The apt-get program uses this database to determine dependencies and how to install packages. Run this regularly to keep system informed of package updates particularly security updates.
324.	sudo apt-get -u upgrade	software Ubuntu	Upgrade all active packages. The "-u" option shows which packages will be upgraded. It is important that you run a apt-get update before you run this command.
325.	sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop	software Ubuntu	Install of Ubuntu GUI Desktop software on Debian or Ubuntu Linux. This is a way to install desktop software on the server version.
326.	sudo apt-get install -f	software Ubuntu	Run this command after a failed "apt-get install" to get all missing packages or software. Then re-run the original install program.

327.	ls -lia \| sort -r	sort	Issue the list directory command and do a reverse sort on the output.

328.	split -l 700 access.log	split	Split the file "access.log" into smaller files of less than 700 lines for each file.

329.	ssh 10.x.x.x	ssh	Make an SSH Secure Shell Connection to ip: 10.x.x.x login as default user.
330.	ssh root@10.x.x.x	ssh	Make an SSH Secure Shell Connection to ip: 10.x.x.x login as user root.
331.	ssh -C -X joe@192.168.101.5	ssh	Make an SSH Secure Shell Connection to ip: 192.168.101.5 as user joe. The "-C" will compress all traffic. The "-X" runs xterm passing parameters.
332.	ssh -2 -v svr-orion	ssh	Force SSH to run SSH2 Secure Shell Connection to server svr-orion. The "-v" option is for verbose and shows all parms.

333.	cat fname1 fname2 > newfile 2> stderr_file	stderr	"2> stderr_file" option redirects std error messages to a file name "stderr_file" after executing a "cat" command of files "fname1" and "fname2" to a new file named "newfile".
334.	who -Hu 2> stderr_file > newfile	stderr	Run command "who -Hu" saving errors to a file named "stderr_file" and capture the results of this command to a new file named "newfile".

335.	cat fname1 fname2 > filename3	stdout	Redirect standard out to a file named "filename3" after executing a "cat" of files "fname1" and "fname2". File name "filename3" will be over-written.
336.	cat fname1 fname2 >> filename3	stdout	Redirect standard out to a file named "filename3" after executing a "cat" of files "fname1" and "fname2". File name "filename3" will be appended to.

337.	touch -version /temp/joe.txt	touch	Output the version information only and exit for the file named /temp/joe.txt.
338.	touch -a /temp/joe	touch	Change the file access time on the file named /temp/joe.
339.	touch -m /temp/joe.txt	touch	Change the file modification time on the file named /temp/joe.txt.
340.	touch joe.txt	touch	Create an empty file named joe.txt in the current directory.

341.	tr -d '\0' < joe.txt > newfile	Translate	Delete all null characters from a file named "joe.txt" and save a new file named "newfile".
342.	cat joe.txt \| tr -d '\0' \| uniq > newfile	Translate	Delete all null characters from a file named "joe.txt" and save a new file named "newfile". Apply the uniq filter to remove all duplicate lines.
343.	tr -d '\015' < pc.file > unix.file	Translate	Remove all <cr> from <cr><lf> sequence (using octal 015 for <cr>). This will convert a PC text file, delimited by <cr><lf>, to a Unix <lf> delimited text file.
344.	cat joe.txt \| tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' > lc_joe.txt	Translate	Convert all upper case letters in a file named "joe.txt" to all lower case letters in a new file named "lc_joe.txt"

345.	cat joe.txt \| sort \| uniq > joe2.txt	unique	Removes duplicate lines from the file "joe.txt" and outputs the result to to a file named "joe2.txt". Using the sort filter may remore more duplicates because duplicates are defined as two sequential and identical lines.
346.	uniq -c joe.txt > joe2.txt	unique	Removes duplicate lines from the file "joe.txt" and outputs the result to to a file named "joe2.txt". Precede each output line with a count of the number of duplicates in "joe1.txt".
347.	uniq -d joe.txt > joe2.txt	unique	Removes duplicate lines from the file "joe.txt". Suppress the writing of lines that are not repeated in "joe1.txt" to a file named "joe2.txt".
348.	uniq -u joe.txt > joe2.txt	unique	Removes duplicate lines from the file "joe.txt". Suppress the writing of lines that are repeated in "joe1.txt" to a file named "joe2.txt".

349.	cat test.txt \| pg	viewing	Display the contents of a file named test.txt to the standard output device, piping to pg for a page pause.
350.	cat test.txt \| more	viewing	Display the contents of a file named test.txt to the standard output device, piping to more for a page pause.
351.	less test.txt	viewing	Display the contents of a file named test.txt to the standard output device, pausing for each page, allowing to scroll forward or backward thru file.
352.	more test.txt	viewing	Display the contents of a file named test.txt to the standard output device, pausing with a more for each page.
353.	head -ln 50 test.txt	viewing	Display the first few lines of a file named test.txt to the standard output device.
354.	head test.txt	viewing	Display the first few lines of a file named test.txt to the standard output device.
355.	tail test.txt	viewing	Display the last few lines of a file named test.txt to the standard output device.
356.	tail -n 200 test.txt	viewing	Display the last 200 lines of a file named test.txt to the standard output device.
357.	tail -f process.log	viewing	Display the last few lines of a file named process.log to the standard output device. The "-f" performs a continuos looping action and allows monitoring of a log file for realtime changes.

358.	ls -lia \| wc - l	word count	Count the number of lines in the current directory listing.
359.	cat text.txt \| wc	word count	Count words in the file named test.txt.
360.	cat text.txt \| wc &	word count	Count words in the file named test.txt. The "&" informs the process to run in the background. The result will display to stdout or screen.
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